Taking on Google: Perplexity’s Quest to Redefine Search with AI

In February, The New York Times profiled Perplexity, a buzzy year-old startup whose AI-powered search engine is loosening Google’s grip on the market. “Can This AI-Powered Search Engine Replace Google?” the article asked.

Only three months later, Perplexity announced a $62.7 million funding round that valued the company at over $1 billion. It drew heavyweights from OpenAI, Amazon, Nvidia, and other tech giants, cementing Perplexity as a key player in AI.

The company offers an alternative to users frustrated by Google’s ad-heavy and SEO-driven search results. Instead of serving up links, Perplexity aggregates information from credible sources into a single, cohesive answer.

This method, according to CEO Aravind Srinivas, represents “a better way to experience the internet.”

At Jefferies’ 2024 Private Internet Conference in Los Angeles, Srinivas sat down with Gaurav Kiuttur, Global Co-Head of Internet Investment Banking, to discuss the shifting search landscape, Perplexity’s growth, and competition from Google and OpenAI.

Their conversation comes on the heels of Perplexity announcing Enterprise Pro, its first B2B offering that delivers the platform with security and control at enterprise scale.

The following Q&A was lightly edited for clarity and length.

There’s been a ton of buzz around Perplexity over the last year. Can you tell us about your platform and business model?

Perplexity is a conversational answer engine. Instead of serving you ten links, it cuts the signal out of noise and gives you the answer you’re looking for.

Our current business model is subscriptions. A lot of people made fun of us for using subscriptions, asking “why would someone pay for search when Google is free?”

Well, Google is filled with spam, ads, and SEO. For people who value their time, $20/month is a worthwhile investment. We’ve successfully challenged conventional thinking around search, bringing a viable new business model to the space.

For people who haven’t used Perplexity, can you describe the user experience and how it differs from Google?

With Google, you get links. With Perplexity, you get answers.

Perplexity aggregates and resolves several links at once, giving you a summarized answer with citations. And you can ask follow-ups. You can converse with it.

Using Perplexity is like being in dialogue with the world’s smartest person who has all the internet’s knowledge at their fingertips. It’s like Wikipedia and ChatGPT had a kid.

How replicable is the technology? What’s Perplexity’s secret sauce?

Building the prototype itself isn’t that difficult. What’s hard is delivering it at scale.

All the minor details we manage – UX, speed, latency, accuracy, mobile responsiveness, iterative improvements. That, and the scale of users we have.

The way that we tackle hundreds of small details at scale is very hard to recreate. And by the time someone recreates it, we’ll only be further ahead.

Talk about OpenAI. What are the big differences with ChatGPT, their consumer product?

There is a simple way to understand this. For a product like ChatGPT, hallucination is a feature. For a product like Perplexity, where the goal is accurate answers, hallucination is a bug.

If I prompt ChatGPT with a creative task, like writing a poem or a joke, it has to hallucinate. The more it hallucinates, the more entertaining its response.

With Perplexity, we offer something similar in our “writing mode,” but the default functionality is to answer questions with rigor and citations. In that sense, we approach our product differently than ChatGPT.

Note: “Hallucinations” are misleading results generated by AI models, due to flaws in their training data, incorrect assumptions, or biases.

Where does Perplexity get its data? How do you ensure sources yield accurate answers?

From the beginning, we’ve been very mindful about which data sources we allow to contribute to answers. We want high-authority sources of information.

One useful proxy for this is peer review. You can’t publish something to The New York Times or The Wall Street Journal without it being approved by your editor and colleagues. That peer review gives content a high trust score.

Content on Twitter or Medium, on the other hand, is not really reviewed for accuracy. We take these factors into account and create a core of trusted domains on the web.

Then, as the product is used by more users and you get a sense of the best domains, you continue updating those trust scores to build a more and more refined product.

So far, how are you finding the market for users willing to pay for search? Is it big?

It’s a huge market, and we’re just getting started. There are millions of people using our product for free today, which gives us a massive funnel to convert from.

And beyond that, platforms like Google have billions of users, so there are so many more people to acquire at the top of the funnel. There are billions of dollars in revenue to make here.

And are there plans for an ad-supported version?

Definitely.

I’m a big fan of how Google built a very high-margin business through advertising. Unfortunately, it’s come at the cost of their core mission of “organizing the world’s information and making it accessible and useful.” Now, the product is designed more for the advertiser than the user.

We have ideas for integrating ads without compromising our core mission. That might mean building a lower-margin business than Google, but that’s okay with us as long as we are profitable and successful.

Finally, what does Perplexity look like in the next couple of years? How do you think about scaling?

We want to have an order of magnitude more users. Our queries should be more accurate. We should offer more diverse formats of answers – not just paragraphs but knowledge panels, scores, and more. This will be important for the Olympics and the election.

We also want to enable multimodal experiences: voice form factors, image form factors,  distribution across several devices and powering every knowledge worker’s day-to-day workflow. People should be able to do more with Perplexity answers. They shouldn’t just read it and walk away.

The AI market needs to transition from chatbots to actually supporting workflows. If Perplexity can succeed at that, we have a really, really good shot at a big chunk of the AI profits.

Beyond Owning a Private Jet: Alternative Private Aviation Services

Thirty years ago, the private aviation market almost exclusively consisted of the people and corporations in many industries that owned private jets.

Not anymore. Today, 40% of the world’s 446,000 private jets are in the hands of private aviation companies – like NetJets, Vista and Flexjet – that offer customers more flexible choices of aircraft, greater security, and greater privacy. When even Taylor Swift is selling her private jets, you know something has changed.

These changes are creating new and substantial investment opportunities for a growing and diversified group of investors. They increasingly view the private aviation industry as a place for stable investments like those in commercial aviation services, airports, and airlines.

The influx of new investors, in turn, is creating new opportunities for owners of existing private aviation businesses by providing them with more access to capital and opportunities to realize advantageous exits.  

The $37 billion private aviation industry has been steadily growing since the 1990s. The  pandemic supercharged a long-term growth trend, with a 40% increase in flight hours between 2019 and 2023.

While private jet ownership has always offered more security, flexibility, comfort and amenities than commercial travel, alternative private aviation companies offer even more advantages. They provide the “right-sized” lift for each flight based on the distance traveled and number of passengers. The alternatives now include:

• Fractional ownership, where a buyer purchases anywhere from 1/16^th to one half of an aircraft.

• Program membership, where the passenger purchases 50 or more hours per year of guaranteed access to a fleet of private aircraft anytime and anywhere.

• Jet cards, where the passenger purchases 25 or 50 flight hours on an operator’s fleet.

• On demand charters, where the passenger receives a bid for each separate trip.

• Aggregation services that allow passengers to buy tickets on shared charters or to access empty seats on private flights.

In addition to the convenience, flying with alternative services limits the ability of others to track your movements. This can be crucial to executives, bankers, and lawyers engaged in confidential deals who want to reduce public scrutiny, as well as notable figures looking to keep their private lives private.

Key Trends

Several tailwinds are propelling private aviation forward and attracting an influx of capital.

All of the alternative aviation models have the goal of increasing utilization per aircraft – picture Uber for private jets. The average personal private jet flies fewer than 200 hours per year, even though the aircraft is capable of flying over 1,200 hours. Increasing utilization by allowing more than one flyer to use the same aircraft simply makes flying private more economical.

Market growth and the transition towards fleet operators has also created an opportunity for operators to gain scale, greater margins, higher cash flows, and more mature capital structures.

Growth has also trickled down the private aviation supply chain. Providers of aviation services, such as maintenance organizations and fixed base operators (FBOs), have benefitted from more predictable demand. Larger operators can sign longer-term, higher dollar contracts. This benefits their suppliers and further strengthens the entire private aviation market.

All of these factors have increased interest from institutional capital. Fifteen years ago, the private aviation industry was dominated by entrepreneurs and family- or management-owned assets. Ten years ago, venture capital and growth equity investors began investing in the sector. Now the investor universe is expanding even further:

• Infrastructure funds are emerging as the core investor group in FBOs – changing the industry by creating higher return requirements and valuations.

• Experienced aerospace-focused private equity funds are leveraging their expertise in commercial aviation services via investments in private aviation-focused maintenance repair and overhaul (MRO) services.

• Travel, tourism, and hospitality investors are funding branded operators and FBOs with structured equity or debt investments.

• Family offices with long-term investment horizons are evaluating a wide range of opportunities including asset-light operators and tax-efficient investments in aircraft.

In total, over $20 billion of institutional-backed capital has been deployed into private aviation operators and supply chains since 2019 in the form of both equity and debt, and there is significant space for future investments across a range of business models and transaction structures.

Opportunities for Investors

Institutional investors have many entry points into the space depending on what they want from an investment. Asset light operators tend to have lower margins but are lower risk investments. Operators that own their fleets offer opportunities to deploy capital throughout the ownership period to fund growth. MRO operations display similar dynamics to the well-capitalized and familiar commercial aerospace sector, but often come with labor issues and dependence on OEMs. Integrated providers offer multiple avenues for growth but may be more difficult to value.

Private equity interest in this industry is being driven by a few common themes:

• The private aviation sector has displayed stable, long-term growth, paired with the emergence of professionalized and scaled businesses.

• Private aviation is tied to GDP and even more closely tied to wealth creation and high-net-worth individual population growth.

• Aviation is and will always be a highly regulated end market, which creates barriers to entry for new competitors and high switching costs for customers. This assures recurring revenues.

• Aviation, and private aviation in particular, is generally a capital intense sector and will require investment to fund growth like operators’ fleet expansion, MROs increasing capacity, FBOs improving networks, etc.

• The sector remains highly fragmented with considerable consolidation opportunities remaining.

• New business models create a dynamic marketplace with a wide range of alternatives for investment strategies in the sector.

Implications for Private Aviation Companies and Existing Shareholders

Interest from institutional investors will offer expanded opportunities for existing businesses in private aviation to gain access to capital and spur faster growth.

Founders can partner with experienced investors to professionalize their businesses and create war chests to realize aspirational growth strategies like geographical expansion or M&A. Partnering with institutional investors also allows companies to take risks for future growth and create succession or exit plans.

While demand from institutional investors has been growing and remains robust, we anticipate a handful of changing dynamics:

• Businesses will increasingly use public debt and equity to scale, likely utilizing instruments often seen in the capital structures of players in the commercial aviation space (e.g., EETC and ABS debt structures, tax-efficient municipal financing, high-yield notes, etc.).

• Infrastructure investors are likely to expand their scope beyond FBOs into other subsectors of aviation. These offer consistent and visible revenues and profitability, especially with the limited availability of traditional infrastructure assets.

• There will be more creative transaction structures including use of more diverse products such as preferred equity and convertible debt to protect investors’ downside and share upside when venturing into new sectors.

• Earlier stage investors may have to move their hunting ground further upstream to areas like electric vertical takeoff and landing (EVTOL) aircraft, aviation software, sustainable fuel, and other next-generation technologies.

As with any industry, there will be winners and losers – but the secular growth trends across private aviation and the excitement from the broader investment universe should create an environment of highly profitable exits for entrepreneurs and company founders. It is they, of course, who took risks years ago to create today’s private aviation landscape which is set for success for years to come.

Katya Brozyna is a leader of Jefferies’ Aviation & Aerospace Investment Banking practice. With over ten years of experience, Katya specializes in capital raising and advisory for clients across business aviation and commercial aerospace end markets. She has completed over 75 M&A, debt and equity transactions for operators, FBOs, MROs, manufacturers, leasing companies and other sectors in the aviation landscape. Katya received a B.S. in Finance and Accounting from the McIntire School of Commerce at the University of Virginia. She can be reached at [email protected]

On the Brink of a Super Cycle: What’s Next for Oil and Gas?

Rising interest rates and fears of recession dampened dealmaking across much of the global economy in 2023. One sector, however, not only showed resilience but set new records. Global energy companies reached their highest valuations since 2016, with 1,135 deals generating $281 billion in global M&A value, an 8.2 percent increase over the previous year.

This growth was largely driven by American oil and gas, where the world’s largest energy producers turned to address the global supply shortage. The year culminated in a series of mega deals, including Chevron’s agreement to acquire Hess and Exxon’s agreement to acquire Pioneer Natural Resources, the two largest transactions of 2023.

So far, 2024 has been another big year for the sector, but could growing uncertainty about Fed rate cuts threaten its momentum?  Jefferies sat down with Pete Bowden, Global Head of Industrial, Energy, and Infrastructure Investment Banking, to discuss the energy sector’s consolidation, the potential for a “super cycle,” and more.

Consolidation and Expansion: Oil and Gas in 2023

In 2023, major geopolitical events, including the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war and a new conflict between Israel and Hamas, continued to strain the global energy supply. With diminished access to oil from Russia and the Persian Gulf, Western countries looked to the United States for relief.

In response to rising global demand, integrated oil companies – which operate across the upstream, midstream and downstream sectors – looked to expand their inventories in the Permian Basin. This region, spanning western Texas and southeastern New Mexico, is the country’s highest-producing oil field.

“Global supply is falling short by five to eight percent of what’s needed,” Bowden shared. “Oil companies recognize that North American production is more important than ever, and inventory is limited. They’re focused on the Permian Basin, which is the epicenter of US drilling.”

In the final months of 2023, the industry saw significant consolidation: Chevron agreed to acquire Hess for $53 billion; ExxonMobil agreed to purchase Pioneer Natural Resources for $59.5 billion; and Occidental Petroleum committed to buy CrownRock for $12 billion. This trend continued into 2024, with Diamondback Energy announcing its agreement to acquire Endeavor Energy Partners for $26 billion. Jefferies served as lead financial advisor on the deal.

These transactions, all focused on the Permian, reflect efforts by integrated oil companies and large independents to bolster their reserves.

“As prime locations in the Permian are snapped up, what were once considered tier-two drilling locations will gain importance. Given the global shortage and America’s role as a supply hub, the economics should work in a half a dozen major US basins,” Bowden predicted.

Macro Headwinds and Sector Resilience: The Energy Outlook in 2024

Though M&A in the energy sector has been strong, rising skepticism about anticipated 2024 rate cuts could reduce companies’ appetite for new deals. Persistent inflation and a robust labor market have led some economists to doubt a rate cut this summer. However, commodities like oil and gas, traditionally a hedge against inflation, don’t always respond to rate changes like other asset classes.

“Right now, we’re in the perfect environment for oil and gas dealmaking. There’s a belief that interest rates are coming down and the assets are becoming more valuable,” Bowden said. “Even without a rate cut, the oil and gas bond market should continue to outperform. Prices will stay constructive, and there will still be deals.”

Bowden noted that mega deals from integrated oil companies are pressuring businesses of all sizes to transact. This push might signal the start of a “supercycle” in American oil and gas.

“With the industry consolidating, what were once large independents are now effectively mid-caps, and mid-caps have shifted to small-caps. Companies need to make deals to stay relevant,” he explained. “My perspective, as a generally skeptical guy with 25 years of industry experience, is that it is as good a market as we’ve seen and we’re likely heading into a super cycle.”

Though the energy transition is underway, it cannot progress quickly enough to offset current shortages in the global energy supply. As geopolitical conflicts, new and ongoing, create tailwinds for domestic oil production, American energy companies are expected to keep seeking opportunities to boost production and build their reserves in US basins.

For more insights from Pete Bowden and Jefferies, the leading advisor on M&A transactions in the energy sector for the last decade, read this recent interview with Bloomberg on the sector’s outlook in 2024.

Where is the Private Internet Market Headed in 2024?

In 2023, two-thirds of venture capital investment went into AI-related businesses.

Much like the widespread adoption of mobile technologies 15 years ago, AI is poised to radically reshape the private internet market. But how?

This is just one of the questions we put to Gaurav Kittur, Global Co-Head of Internet Investment Banking, and Cameron Lester, Global Co-Head of Technology, Media, and Telecom Investment Banking, as they prepare to host hundreds of investors and company leaders at the Jefferies Private Internet Conference in Santa Monica, CA. They share their thoughts on AI, on the changing exit paths for private companies, the impact of regulatory and geopolitical challenges and much more below.

Q: How do you see investment flows shifting as we progress through 2024?

GK: Consumer spending is still the vast majority of the GDP in the U.S. and many other countries, but the funding for consumer internet businesses – from seed all the way to the growth side – has slowed to a trickle. Now we see all this movement into AI-related businesses, particularly toward the infrastructure required to build the best models. So, I see similarities to 2008 when you had significant capital flowing into the infrastructure and operating systems for mobile, which then subsequently spurred the creation of companies like Uber, DoorDash, Airbnb and so many others. Soon, basically every consumer-facing application will have an AI-component to it, but it still isn’t clear exactly what that will look like yet.

That is why our Private Internet Conference will have a combination of AI-first companies along with more traditional consumer internet companies that are searching for ways for AI to enhance their business.

CL: For over a decade, there was an unprecedented wave of technology investment and innovation driven by four big themes. One was the broad adoption of mobile computing and development of Apple’s App Store and the Google Play Store. Two was the network effects of marketplace businesses – like Uber – and subscription businesses – like Netflix – that provide value to the consumer at a fraction of the cost. Three was the ability of brands to be completely created, discovered and grown digitally without ever having to first develop a brick-and-mortar presence. And four was the powerful unit economics of digital customer acquisition. This turbocharged the growth of so many businesses and yet each of these four themes is somewhat played out. Everyone’s on mobile, everyone has a digital presence and now Apple’s privacy changes have made customer acquisition harder.

It is causing a fundamental rethink of consumer internet business models and a big part of the solution will be finding ways to apply AI to consumer behaviors.

Q: What kinds of investments in AI are most compelling right now?

GK: We have seen these funding rounds for companies like OpenAI and Anthropic, which are really about making the AI-models more powerful. That requires a ton of capital because the only way that the models can get powerful is by training, right? The more data that you give it, the more reps effectively it gets, the stronger it becomes.

Then the question becomes what can this model do for you? Can you take it and plug it into a video editing app or a new game engine or a new music discovery platform? That’s where the next wave of discovery and business creation will come from. Some incumbent players will figure it out and they’ll get stronger, but some won’t, just like some couldn’t figure out mobile.

This will create the opening for some massive new companies in the next five to ten years. AI-investment might even enable meaningful competition for some very well established businesses, with just one example being Perplexity’s search engine offering. That’s starting to make a dent in a space where Google has had meaningful market share forever.

Q: Investment activity is slowly picking up, but investors are certainly being a bit more selective in what they fund. What are they looking for?

CL: The cost of customer acquisition through the traditional channels has become much more challenging. So, a strong organic word of mouth and natural organic growth model for customer acquisition is incredibly important.

A company really needs to show a path to profitability and expanding margin as well. Growth is always important, but you’re not going to get a hall pass for growth without a logical way to bring the cost of the revenue together and then scale the profitability.

In a more disciplined environment, investors will also tend to put a higher premium on funding already successful entrepreneurs.  So, you look at the deal where Jefferies just served as the Placement Agent for the food and delivery app Wonder in its $700 million growth equity raise. This company was created by Marc Lore, who previously sold businesses to Amazon and Walmart. That’s the kind of founder experience that will always help prospective investors sleep better at night.

GK: I’d add that you really need to be able to show product-market fit and that the unit economics work as you scale up the business. There have also been several instances in tech – like with FTX and WeWork  – where a founder wasn’t operating with proper controls. So, I am also seeing a renewed focus on governance, management and the proper board structure of companies.

Q: Antitrust activity is escalating in the U.S. and around the world. What do see as the most significant political or regulatory risks for private internet investors?

GK: For years, the major tech companies moved into strategic segments via acquisition, but that window is essentially shut for the time being because of the regulatory scrutiny. That’s one of the factors that should help the IPO market open up over time because there is a lot of pent up demand.

Obviously, the regulation of AI will continue to be a subject of conversation – and companies in this space need to be a significant part of it – but it’s just too early to forecast what any kind of durable regulatory AI regulatory framework would look like.

CL: Geopolitical risk is becoming a significant consideration. There is a war in Europe and in the Middle East. China-U.S. relations are eroding. Investment dollars flowing into China are dwindling and funds that would have gone to China five years ago are now going to India or elsewhere in Southeast Asia. So I think investment committees will be looking very closely at where businesses are located, how they’re interacting with other regions and what kind of risks that may create. With that said, it’s important not to overreact to short term geopolitical developments. For example, Israel is enduring one of the most challenging periods in its history. But Israel’s resilience and economic fundamentals – an educated populace, an ingrained culture of innovation and entrepreneurship and increasingly deep capital markets – are all still there. That’s why Jefferies is still so committed to growing our presence in Israel.

Q: Aside from AI, what do you think will be notably different about this coming cycle of investment in the private internet space.

CL: We’ve talked a lot about how AI will transform consumer businesses but it will also have such a seismic impact on small businesses. The small business customer does not have the time to do customization and these large language models and AI can improve and make small businesses much more effective in acquiring their own customers and servicing them than ever before.

GK: The growing role of private equity is very interesting to me as it has been a player on the software side but it is also starting to pay much more attention to private and consumer internet companies. Thus far, sponsors have had interest in what you might think of as Web 1.0 companies, like Yahoo or Trip Advisor.  But you will ultimately see sponsors looking at other more mature, highly profitable businesses where leverage can be used to enhance returns.

This has been a bumpy few years for the private internet market and the progress from here won’t be linear. But there is so must justifiable enthusiasm about the new technologies and entirely new business models that are about to be created.

The US IPO Market is Rebounding. What Does This Mean for Canada?

In March 2024, the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX), Canada’s largest platform for initial public offerings (IPOs), marked a whole year without a new corporate listing. This prolonged drought follows a 30-year low in 2023, when Canada’s top exchanges saw just one listing.

Canada’s struggles are part of a wider global slump in public offerings. In 2023, the world’s 15 leading exchanges saw a significant decline or complete pause in listings. However, entering the second quarter of 2024, the IPO markets in the United States and EMEIA are beginning to thaw, amid a series of successful, high-profile new listings.

This raises an interesting question: Is Canada also on the brink of overcoming its IPO drought, or is the market in for further hardship through the second half of 2024?

Jefferies sat down with Erik Charbonneau, Head of Canadian Equity Capital Markets, to discuss the market for Canadian IPOs. Although the pace of recovery may not match that of the United States, Charbonneau is optimistic about a resurgence in new listings and investor enthusiasm.

The following Q&A has been lightly edited for clarity and length. 

After a historic drought in IPOs, are there reasons for optimism for 2024 and ‘25?

For all intents and purposes, there has been no IPO activity in Canada for the last couple of years. Now, the conditions are in place for activity to pick up again.

Equity markets are performing well, with North American indices, including the TSX, up this year. Volatility remains muted. And we’re seeing new issue activity in the US. We’re going to see rate cuts this year, and if the economy keeps trending in the right direction, I expect Canadian IPOs to see a resurgence.

The truth is: Canada’s IPO market is open today. It will just take a very high-quality company to be successful. We’re watching this in the US, where strong companies are priced well and trading well in the aftermarket. It’s going to take a while, and everyone needs to remain patient, but I think activity picks up in the back half of this year.

What does this recovery look like?

If you look at the past two decades in Canada – and you exclude the unusual pace of the COVID period – the best years saw a mid-teens number of corporate IPOs. In a less busy year, you might see mid-single digits. Between those two bookends is what I’d describe as a “normal market environment.”

Now, if we reached mid-single digit IPOs in 2024, I’d consider that a success. It would signal a rebound.

The key – though it’s almost a cliche to say it – will be high-quality, well-executed IPOs reopening the market. They need to be priced at a valuation that is attractive to issuers and investors. They need to perform well in the aftermarket. And, importantly, they need to attract the right shareholders: a broad and experienced set.

If we can achieve this with the first few IPOs out of the gate, it will prove that the time is right for issuers to go public in Canada again.

Where do you anticipate activity returning in Canadian markets? Any sectors, in particular?

In Canada’s recent history, the IPO markets have attracted a broad range of sectors – technology, healthcare, energy, industrials.

There are a handful of exciting healthcare and tech prospects that Jefferies is tracking closely, but I also know of several traditional energy companies eyeing public markets.

While IPOs always skew towards sectors with strong momentum, I expect Canadian listings to rebound with a broad range of companies.

What deals are getting done in the face of this prolonged IPO drought?

When a major asset class like IPOs  isn’t performing well, it forces sponsors to look for alternatives. They are looking to monetize or partially monetize their positions so they can return money to their limited partners (LPs). How can they leverage M&A or money markets when IPOs are off the table?

Continuation vehicles are a very popular option, especially for longer assets. Sponsors can partially monetize, return capital to their LPs, and pursue future fundraising opportunities.

In other cases, sponsors are remaining patient. They have stretched out their cash reserves by recasting budgets, slowing down growth, and waiting for the right moment for a public exit or growth financing. For issuers in need of immediate growth capital, they have looked to private markets – but those have also experienced a challenging stretch.

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Canada remains a dynamic ecosystem, abundant with strong and innovative companies. Although the past two years have been profoundly challenging for Canadian public markets, trends in the US and Europe are showing green shoots. Experts like Erik Charbonneau see a rebound on the horizon.

Erik is a Managing Director and Head of Investment Banking and Equity Capital Markets – Canada for Jefferies.  He was part of the founding team for the recently opened Jefferies offices in Canada.  Over the course of a 30-year career, Erik had originated and executed capital markets transactions for client across numerous industries in both Canada and the U.S.  Erik has run sector ECM desks in financials, private placements and healthcare and has been responsible for equity capital markets teams in Canada (head of ECM) and the U.S. (co-head of ECM for the Americas).  Erik holds a B. Comm from McGill University. You can contact Erik: [email protected] or +1 (416) 847-7395

Rapyd’s Growth and the Future of Fintech: Insights from Arik Shtilman

In September 2023, Jefferies hosted its seventh annual Tech Trek, Israel’s largest institutional investor conference. The three-day event connects leading global investors with the Israeli tech ecosystem through a series of panels, presentations, and meetings. 

During the conference, Jefferies spoke with Arik Shtilman, co-founder and CEO of Rapyd, a global payments and fintech platform based in London. Rapyd offers businesses a comprehensive solution for integrating payments, commerce, and financial services into any application. 

Shtilman spoke to Rapyd’s founding and its path to success, the rise of embedded finance and fintech across various sectors, the significance of cross-border sales and compliance for modern companies, and more. 

The conversation followed Rapyd announcing an acquisition of a piece of PayU from Prosus, aiming to scale its fintech-as-a-service platform. 

Spotting a Gap in the Market: Rapyd’s Journey to Success

Initially, Rapyd was conceptualized as a consumer e-wallet to challenge PayPal. The startup pivoted when Shtilman noticed a significant gap in the financial services space. While there were plenty of specialists, no one offered a comprehensive platform that integrated all financial capabilities — from issuance and disbursement to compliance — into a seamless, all-in-one solution.

“Every company in the sector was a one-trick pony,” Shtilman shared. “It mirrored the early cloud computing era, where there were hosting services but no infrastructure. Our vision was to create the world’s largest infrastructure for financial services, all baked into one platform.” 

From there, Rapyd grew rapidly. By 2022, just seven years after its founding, it was valued at $15 billion, becoming the most valuable Israeli tech unicorn ever.

How Embedded Finance and Globalization Pushed Fintech Forward

Fintech has grown rapidly, on track to become a $1.5 trillion sector by 2030. Despite a challenging 2022 and 2023, as funding and deal volume slipped, the sector’s long-term prospects remain very strong. 

Shtilman identifies two trends driving the sector’s momentum: the rise of embedded finance and the increase in cross-border commerce.

“Every single company wants to become a Fintech,” Shtilman said. “Look at ApplePay, Google Pay, Samsung Pay – all these tech companies adding embedded finance. They’re realizing that the best way to monetize customer relationships is financial services.” 

For most businesses, however, building fintech capabilities from scratch isn’t feasible. They just want to offer these services. That’s where Rapyd found its edge: providing an adaptable fintech platform that enables companies to offer financial solutions without developing them. 

The second trend is the growth of international businesses – and the host of compliance challenges they face.

“Almost every business today operates internationally, and they need a platform that can manage varying compliance standards, currencies, and payment methods,” Shtilman explains.

Rapyd uses AI to automate these processes, bringing efficiencies to companies operating across global markets, including emerging economies. 

What’s Next for Rapyd? 

With a fresh rebrand and recent acquisitions under its belt, Rapyd is ready to keep expanding. How has the company maintained its momentum, as it transitioned from startup to global leader? 

“One of the biggest challenges in scaling from five to 1,500 employees is preserving that startup spirit—avoiding bureaucracy and keeping everyone agile,” Shtilman shared. 

To tackle this, Rapyd restructured into smaller business units that mimic the flexibility and rapid execution of startups, ensuring the company remains nimble and retains its momentum despite its size.

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As Rapyd embarks on its next phase, the global fintech market’s trajectory remains a critical backdrop. The sector is expected to rebound in 2024, following two challenging years. The entry of more companies into this space signifies not only the sector’s growth but also the ongoing globalization of economies. Shtilman’s insights offer a roadmap for navigating the always-evolving sector, highlighting the importance of innovation and adaptability in achieving sustained growth.

The Evolution of Sports Media with Minute Media Founder Asaf Peled

In September 2023, Jefferies hosted its seventh annual Tech Trek, Israel’s largest institutional technology investor conference. The three-day event connects leading global investors with the Israeli tech ecosystem through a series of panels, meetings and curated networking events.

During the conference, Jefferies spoke with Asaf Peled, founder and CEO of Minute Media, global technology and content company specializing in sports and culture. Minute Media’s proprietary tech platform enables the creation, distribution and monetization of digital content experiences. They own and operate leading sports content brands, including Sports Illustrated, The Players’ Tribune, FanSided, and 90min, while also providing sports highlight rights through Minute Media’s most recent technology acquisition of STN Video.

Peled discussed Minute Media’s growth, acquisitions, and the potential for an upcoming public offering; the future of sports media; the Israeli tech ecosystem; and more.

Following the interview, Minute Media completed a new round of funding that valued the company at over $1 billion, and it announced the acquisition of STN Video, a sports content distributor, for $150 million. The company also struck a 10-year licensing deal with
Authentic Brands Group for the publishing rights to Sports Illustrated.

Note: Peled’s comments on Israel were made before the events of Oct. 7. The ongoing conflict may influence the region’s tech ecosystem and investment landscape.

Minute Media’s Founding: Disrupting the Sports Content Ecosystem

Over a decade ago, Peled and his co-founders spotted an opportunity to shake up sports content. They noticed the existing ecosystem lacked modern traits: short-form content accessible on a tech platform, where fans could also contribute as creators.

“We founded Minute Media on two core elements,” Peled shared. “First, developing tools for fans, creators, and athletes to participate in content creation. Second, building our own content management and distribution platform, so we weren’t over reliant on social media.”

A key growth strategy for Minute Media was forming partnerships with athletes, like Derek Jeter, Co-founder of The Players’ Tribune. These collaborations, tapping into the athletes’ global recognition, enhanced Minute Media’s credibility with both athletes and fans. This approach was particularly beneficial for The Players’ Tribune, a pioneering platform for athlete-driven content creation, which Minute Media acquired in 2019.

The Evolution of Sports Media: From Broadcast to Mobile

When Minute Media started, sports media was a mature industry with a rich legacy – but it was beginning to feel outmoded in its content creation and delivery methods. Predominantly focused on broadcast media – including TV, radio, and desktop platforms – it wasn’t meeting the evolving preferences of younger audiences.

“We noticed a paradigm shift in the user base: in the ways they create, engage with, and consume content,” Peled remarked.

As sports fans became younger and more global, their consumption patterns shifted towards mobile, favoring short-form content over traditional broadcasts. Minute Media recognized this trend early and, through their innovative platforms, played a key role in driving it forward.

What’s Next for Sports Media?

Since its founding, Minute Media has watched the sports media landscape continue to evolve. While mobile-driven, fan-generated content remains central, new areas are emerging.

Sports betting, for example, has soared to new heights. The industry posted a record $10.92 billion in revenue in 2023, up 44.5 percent year over year. The convergence of sports betting and content is also expanding, with companies like FanDuel now offering a wide array of podcasts and shows.

Minute Media is closely monitoring these developments and more, as it seeks growth both organically and through strategic acquisitions.

“We’re exploring opportunities in sports betting, next-gen video, and looking to expand our footprint in Europe and Asia,” Peled mentioned.

With its recent licensing deal to publish under Sports Illustrated, Minute Media plans to build on the iconic sports brand and expand the magazine’s publishing operations globally. Minute Media will continue Sports Illustrated’s tradition of in-depth journalism, thereby expanding the company’s digital footprint into print.

There’s speculation about Minute Media potentially going public, given its rapid expansion in recent years. Addressing this, Peled outlined the company’s approach to sustained growth.

“Our main focus is on balancing profitability with significant top-line growth. This keeps us at the forefront of sports tech globally and opens up various strategic options, whether that’s further acquisitions or an IPO. We’re keeping an open mind about our future growth avenues.”

Israel’s Entrepreneurial Ecosystem

Peled closed by highlighting the importance of Minute Media’s Israeli roots and how the nation’s dynamic ecosystem remains a driving force behind the company, even as it ventures into increasingly global markets.

“Our Israeli roots are really, really key,” Peled shared. “It’s our number one differentiator. You’ll find our offices in New York, LA, São Paulo, Tokyo, London, and more – but our Israeli DNA, and the flexibility and creativity it brings, will always come first.”

Prime Services C-Suite Newsletter – March 2024

Areas of Focus: Regulatory Environment, Marketing, and ODD

Industry Insights:

Our newsletter, Jack-of-all-Reads, shares the latest and greatest insights in a brief read on a monthly basis. Please let us know of any comments or questions – we welcome and appreciate your continued partnership.

Industry Insights:

1. Top of Mind: Regulatory Line Items. Funds continue to try and keep track of the ever-changing regulatory landscape. We are fielding concerns regarding continued updates from the SEC around the new private funds rule, as well as increased cyber security safeguards being put in place in the US and across the pond.
   • Private Funds Rule. The rule has different effective dates for funds managing more than $1.5bn AUM (as of Sept 2024) and for those managing less than $1.5bn AUM (as of March 2025). Advice to managers is to start working with counsel to adapt their policies and procedures as soon as possible given there is a long road to compliance. Annual disclosures will have to be made to all investors in the same private fund. Although the SEC has not defined the methods of disclosure, we are seeing an increase in the importance of data room capabilities to centralize important documents.
   • Cyber Security. Regarding the SEC’s cyber security rule, managers will have a timeline to file within 48 hours and report any accidents within 72 hours. Although the rule was put into effect for many managers in December of 2023, smaller reporting companies will have until June 2024, at the latest, to comply.
     • Cyber In the EU. Managers are working to comply with the EU’s Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA). DORA entered into force in January 2023 and the terms will apply as of January 2025. March 2024 was the EU’s deadline for public consultation on the policy products aimed to standardize the regulation’s requirements. As it stands, DORA requires AIFMs and ManCo’s to classify or report all IT and cyber security related incidents and contract an external firm to conduct comprehensive resilience testing on their IT and cyber security systems. DORA also requires these financial entities to manage their Information and Communications Technology (ICT) service provider risk, with the provisions placing an emphasis on contractual relationships. AIFMs are encouraged to compile a register of their existing ICT service provider contracts to ensure compliance with DORA.
2. Marketing Focus: An Era of Digital Transformation in Marketing & Regulatory Updates. Some groups are starting to explore creative new ways to market and improve workflows. On top of that, the evolution of the regulatory environment has many focused on continued guidance towards the new marketing rule and staying compliant.
   • AI & Data Analysis Technologies in Marketing. The team has been fielding questions from managers who are searching for ways to integrate AI tools to enhance, refine, and speed up their marketing efforts. While AI tools cannot replace the human creativity and connection involved in a fund’s marketing process, they can be used in the beginning stages as a starting point for drafting materials, and they can also speed up research processes by succinctly aggregating information. In addition, many marketers are also focused on using other data analysis technologies to gain better insights into their target audience’s needs. A new study published by EXT. Marketing found that almost half of marketer’s plan to focus on implementing new data analysis technology in their processes this year. Video-based marketing is also gaining in popularity, with the EXT. Marketing report finding that people have a preference towards visual aids, including easy to digest scannable content and short videos that can be consumed quickly.
   • Additional Guidance: New Marketing Rule Updates. Last month, the SEC released updates to the new marketing rule, which gave managers additional guidance on requirements for calculating net and gross performance. Managers are encouraged to reach out to their legal counsel with any questions to ensure they will be in compliance . Although the law itself has not changed, there was an increase in requests on methodology for performance calculations prior to this FAQ.
3. Trends in ODD. Throughout  conversations with various ODD teams on their current areas of focus across the industry, many have emphasized challenges around talent retention and acquisition, the increased importance of having efficient IT systems, and the need to more closely scrutinize vendor relationships.
   • Talent. As the biggest funds continue to grow in size, the war for talent across both the investment and non-investment teams continues. This has been forcing managers to think differently about how they aim to retain and attract key workers. Many funds are reporting particular difficulty in hiring for junior controller roles and, similarly, many accounting firms are having trouble retaining junior accountants. To cope, some groups are heavily investing in technologies that can help solve for this industry-wide shortage.
   • Technology. ODD teams are placing emphasis on how their managers are utilizing technology and are seeing more clients engage with software data analysis programs. The days of having all analysis on excel seems to be diminishing.
   • Vendor Due Diligence. Ensuring new vendors go through rigorous compliance is a focus, specifically as it pertains to expert networks and alternative data sources. With potential risks arising from managers’ use of AI technologies and the longstanding risks associated with utilizing third-party vendors, it is increasingly important that funds vet their technology systems and put safeguards and policies in place to respond compliantly to any breaches. There is also concern around Expert Networks and heightened diligence on transcripts received from expert networks to ensure there is not MNPI embedded.

Please reach out to your Jefferies contact for more information on any of the topics above.

Client Corner:

Women’s History Month: Numbers in Alternatives: The industry has seen an increased focus around DEI initiatives and many have been reflecting on the pivotal role diversity plays in the alternatives space. Preqin released a report this month on the status of female representation in the industry, finding that only 17% of those in senior roles at hedge funds are women. Although this is 6% higher than the proportion in 2020 and is higher than the rate across the entire alternatives industry, which sits at 15%, there are still discrepancies when compared to the broader workforce. Preqin’s report found that the proportion of female employees across all levels – junior, middle, and senior – appears lower in the alternatives industry overall. As Women’s History Month comes to an end, it is important to continue to create a workplace culture that allows for diversity of thought and ideologies.  

Spotlight on Content and Events:

Launch 2025. This series of video, audio, and written content explores critical questions that should be top of mind for alternative fund founders and some answers that can help build a successful launch. It includes six episodes that explore the critical questions that need to be top of mind for every alternative fund founder in the mid-2020s and some answers that can help build a more successful launch such as: “Who do you hire first?” and “What is this going to cost you?”. VIEW HERE

AI FAQ’s: As the industry makes strides in understanding how AI tools may be able to work for them we are fielding questions from managers and investors. This piece answers some of the most frequently asked questions around AI. It also discusses recent trends and themes across the hedge fund industry regarding AI and its use cases. Reach out to the Jefferies consulting team to discuss the below:

• What is AI?
• How are manager using AI?
• How are investors thinking about AI?
• What compliance considerations should AI users keep in mind?

Interesting Service Provider Reads: Highlighting Topical Content from Industry Leaders

EisnerAmper – A Comprehensive Outlook on Hedge Funds in 2024

EXT. Marketing – Top Trends in Financial Marketing in 2024

Schulte Roth & Zabel – Marketing Rule FAQ – Impact of Subscription Lines of Credit on Presentation of Net IRRs

Sidley – Enforcement is on the Rise Against Non-Compete Agreements. Is Your Business Ready?

SS&C – Preparing for Form PF Changes as SEC & CFTC Adopt Amendments

Jefferies Prime Services Contacts:

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A View of ESG Performance During the Trump and Biden Presidencies

On November 5, 2024, millions of Americans will head to the ballots, where the presidency, 468 congressional seats (33 in the Senate and all 435 in the House), and 11 governorships will be contested. These outcomes may shape the future of the energy transition, with climate policies front of mind for voters and candidates alike.

Last month, Jefferies’ Sustainability and Transition team explored six key questions around the 2024 elections’ impact on the US energy landscape. This analysis was part of a broader series examining the interplay between politics and the global energy transition.

Continuing this series, the team’s latest report analyzes ESG performance during the presidencies of Donald Trump (R) and Joe Biden (D). Specifically, it explores how ESG heuristics performed against traditional counterparts and broader market benchmarks during each administration.

This analysis covers two distinct periods: (1) from President Donald Trump’s election to President Joe Biden’s election and (2) from President Biden’s election to the present. It’s important to note that these findings do not establish causality, as ESG performance is influenced by a multitude of factors beyond just politics and policy.

Jefferies analyzed seven heuristics focused on ESG and the energy transition:

• Four ESG and energy transition indices outperformed their broad market benchmark during President Trump’s tenure, while three underperformed.
• All seven ESG and energy transition indices underperformed vs their broad market index during the current Biden era.

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Invesco WilderHill Clean Energy ETF (PBW) vs. Invesco S&P 500 Equal Weight Energy ETF (RSPG) vs. S&P 500 (SP50)

• PBW tracks a modified equal-weighted index of US-listed companies involved in clean energy sources or energy conservation.
• RSPG tracks an equal-weighted index of US energy companies listed in the S&P 500.
• SP50 includes 500 leading companies in leading industries of the US economy.

Findings: During the Trump Administration, PBW saw the strongest performance and RSPG saw the weakest, with a delta in total return of 350.5 percent. During the Biden Administration, performance flipped: RSPG performed strongest and PBW weakest in a reversal of 309.8 percent.

iShares STOXX Europe 600 Oil & Gas UCITS ETF (SXEPEX) vs. SPDR S&P Oil & Gas Exploration & Production ETF (XOP) vs. STOXX Europe 600 (183660)

• SXEPEX tracks the performance of companies from the European oil and gas sector.
• XOP tracks an equal-weighted index of companies in the US oil and gas exploration and production space.
• 183660 includes 600 European companies representing all market caps.

Findings: During the Trump Administration, STOXX Europe 600 saw the strongest performance and XOP the weakest, with a delta in total return of 81.7 percent. Again, during the Biden Administration, performance flipped: XOP performed strongest and STOXX Europe 600 weakest in a reversal of 208.9 percent.

iShares MSCI ACWI Low Carbon Target ETF (CRBN) vs. iShares MSCI World ETF (URTH) vs. MSCI AC World (892400)

• CRBN tracks an index of stocks from global firms selected for a bias toward lower carbon emissions.
• URTH tracks a market-cap-weighted index of stocks that cover 85 percent of the developed world’s market cap.
• 892400 captures large- and mid-cap companies across developed markets.

Findings: During the Trump Administration, performance was essentially the same across all indices. Under the Biden Administration, URTH has seen the strongest performance and CRBN the weakest, with a delta of 8.3 percent.

MSCI Global Alternative Energy (MS700750) vs. iShares Global Energy ETF (IXC) vs. MSCI AC World (892400)

• MS700750 includes developed and emerging market companies that derive 50 percent or more of their revenues from alternative energy products and services.
• IXC tracks a market cap-weighted index of global energy companies.
• 892400 captures large- and mid-cap companies across developed markets.

Findings: During the Trump Administration, alternative energy saw the strongest performance and IXC the weakest, with a delta in total return of 146.2 percent. Under the Biden Administration, performance flipped: IXC saw the strongest performance and alternative energy the weakest, with a delta of 202.6 percent.  

Invesco Solar ETF (TAN) vs. iShares Global Energy ETF (IXC) vs. MSCI AC World (892400)

• TAN tracks an index of global solar energy companies selected based on the revenue generated from solar-related businesses.
• IXC tracks a market cap-weighted index of global energy companies.
• 892400 captures large- and mid-cap companies across developed markets.

Findings: During the Trump Administration, TAN saw the strongest performance and IXC the weakest, with a delta of 337.5 percent. During the Biden Administration, IXC saw the strongest performance and TAN the weakest, with a delta of 207.2 percent.

SPDR MSCI USA Gender Diversity ETF (SHE) vs. S&P 500 (SP50) vs. MSCI USA (984000)

• SHE tracks a market cap-weighted index of US companies promoting gender diversity while exhibiting a high proportion of women across all levels of their organization.
• SP50 includes 500 leading companies in leading industries of the US economy.
• 984000 measures the performance of the large- and mid-cap segments of the US market.

Findings: MSCI USA saw the strongest performance under the Trump Administration and SHE the weakest, with a delta of 21.3 percent. During the Biden Administration, the S&P 500 saw the strongest performance and SHE the weakest by 19.7 percent.

iShares MSCI USA ESG Select ETF (SUSA) vs. S&P 500 (SP50) vs. MSCI USA (984000)

• SUSA tracks an index of US companies with high ESG factor scores, as calculated by MSCI.
• SP50 includes 500 leading companies in leading industries of the US economy.
• 984000 measures the performance of the large- and mid-cap segments of the US market.

Findings: During the Trump Administration, SUSA saw the strongest performance and S&P 500 the weakest, with a delta in total return of 6.7 percent. Under Biden, performance flipped: the S&P 500 saw the strongest performance and SUSA the weakest, with a delta of 9.1 percent.

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Again, these findings do not establish causality, as the factors impacting ESG performance during any given period are multifarious. That said, today’s political parties diverge significantly in their approach to the energy transition and related policies. With so many elections slated for this November, there is no question that 2024 will be a critical year for ESG.

For the full report, and more coverage of ESG performance, follow Jefferies’ Sustainability and Transition team.